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Dreyse company
The Waffenfabrik von Dreyse was founded around 1841 to manufacture the famous Dreyse Needle gun for the Prussian Army, and they also made needle-pistols and caplock revolvers. The Dreyse Factory went into decline after the German Army adopted the Mauser in 1872. In 1901 Rheinische Metallwaaren- & Maschinenfabrik of Sommerda purchased Waffenfabrik von Dreyse.
Development
Presstoff late-war holster issued to Volksgrenadiers
The Model 1907 Dreyse Pistol was designed by Louis Schmeisser (who had previously worked with Theodor Bergmann on the Bergmann Machine Gun) in 1905-6 and were marketed from 1907 onward. The first gun, the 7.65 mm Auto was the most unusual. Most of the cranked slide lay along the top of the barrel, with a short section projecting down behind the chamber to serve as the breech block. The breech block was confined within a flat-sided frame with a bridge to carry the back sight and arrest the upper section of the slide. The recoil spring surrounded the barrel, enclosed in the frame and held by a collar engaging the front end of the slide through a spring catch. Pulling back on the finger grips at the front of the slide brings the breech block into view behind the frame. The Dreyse pistol was fired by a striker whose tail protruded back through the rear of the breech block when the chamber was loaded. The entire top section of frame and slide could be pivoted on a pin in front of the trigger guard, being locked in the firing position by a catch at the rear of the frame. This final refinement was essential to dismantling; removal of the cranked slide would have been impossible otherwise.
The Dreyse design was strongly influenced by John Browning’s FN M1900, though the Browning had its recoil spring above the barrel, while the Dreyse had a concentric recoil spring. Nonetheless, the overall shape was the same, as was the grip angle and surface design (today, Browning would have litigated against Dreyse for that alone), the magazine release, and the positioning of the manual safetylus both had breech blocks that protruded from the rear of the gun during recoil
Design Modifications
The only major modification concerned the firing mechanism. Prior to 1915, the cocked striker had been held by the sear before being released by the trigger; pulling the trigger subsequently pushed the striker back before releasing it, compressing the striker spring to a greater extent. This was inspired by the later 9 mm Dreyse due to insensitive wartime ammunition. It allowed a second strike if the first misfired. Another wartime change involved a recess cut in the top front of the slide to facilitate removal of the recoil-spring retaining bush.
Variants
Early pistols were marked ‘DREYSE Rheinische Metallwaaren- & Maschinenfabrik ABT. SOMMERDA’ on the left side of the frame and an ‘RMF’ monogram on the grips as shown above. Later pistols are usually marked ‘DREYSE RHEINMETALL ABT. SOMMERDA’. A few pistols made in 1914 lack the ‘DREYSE’ marking. The pistol was also marketed commercially for police forces, including the Royal Saxon Gendarmerie, examples of which are marked as ‘K. Sachs. Gend.’
Military Users
Primarily used by Austrian troops during World War I, especially officers of the Austro-Hungarian Habsburg Empire. Also used by officers of Imperial Germany during World War I. Examples issued to the Imperial German Army will have an acceptance proof above the ejection port on the right as well as the normal Crown N commercial proofs on the left side of the frame and slide near the trigger. Examples saw use by Wehrmacht troops (especially officers) during World War II. Nearing the end of the war many examples were issued to the Volksgrenadiere and Volkssturm, the latter often with so-called “last-ditch” Presstoff holsters. Large numbers of these were brought back to the United States by returning servicemen, which accounts for their availability in the country today. Typically the paper Presstoff holsters have not survived.
A few thousand were purchased by the Czech military in 1921 and 1922, but they were removed from service in 1923 due to unspecified accidents with them.
In 1912 the pope’s Swiss Guard acquired thirty of these pistols for use by officers and non-commissioned officers. They remained in service with the Swiss Guard until 1990 when they were replaced by the SIG P225 pistol.
Civilian Users
The Dreyse M1907 pistol was the first semi-automatic weapon used by a civilian police force – the Royal Saxon Gendarmerie and the Berlin police.
Importation
The Dreyse m1907 was never imported officially by contract into the United States, but significant numbers of them were brought back by GI’s following World War II.
Notable Examples
The Deutsches Panzermuseum in Munster, Germany has an M1907 as the first display in its exhibit of German Army sidearms.
Trivia
The Dreyse M1907 appeared in the earlier versions of the board game Cluedo, mislabeled as a revolver.
References
^ a b J. B. Wood, The Gun Digest Book of Automatic Pistols, 2007, page 303. ISBN 0896894738.
^ Wood, J.B. (1999). The Gun Digest Book of Firearms Assembly/Disassembly Part I – Automatic Pistols (Pt. 1). Krause Publications. p. 248. ISBN 0-8734-1783-6. 
^ Oertle, V. “Vom Remington zum Sturmgewehr 90: Die Schusswaffen der Papstlichen Schweizergarde”, page 22. Thesis, 2001
External links
m1907 History
Parts List and Explosion Diagram
German Army Weapons
Dreyse Pistol/Ed Buffaloe
1907 Pistol Info
Dreyse Pistols
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German firearms and light weapons of World War II
Side arms (Pistolen)
Mauser C96   Luger   Walther P38   Walther PP and PPK   Sauer 38H   Mauser HSc   Dreyse M1907 Pistol   Volkspistole
Rifles & carbines (Gewehre & Karabiner)
Karabiner 98k   Gewehr 41   Gewehr 43/Karabiner 43   MP 43/MP 44/StG 44   FG 42   M30 Luftwaffe drilling  StG 45(M)   VG 1-5   Wimmersperg Spz-kr
Submachine guns ( Maschinenpistolen )
MP 18   MP 34   MP 35   MP 38/MP 40   MP 3008
Machine guns & other larger weapons
MG 08   MG 30   MG 34   MG 42   Schwarzlose MG M.07/12   MG 35/36A   Faustpatrone   Raketen-Panzerbchse 43   Panzerfaust   Panzerschreck   Fliegerfaust/Luftfaust  Flammenwerfer 35   Einstossflammenwerfer 46   Panzerbchse 39   Solothurn S-18/1000   IMG 28   VMG-27
Mortars (Granatwerfer)
5 cm leGrW 36   8 cm GrW 34   kz 8 cm GrW 42   12 cm GrW 42
Grenades (Granaten)
Model 24 Stielhandgranate   Model 43 Stielhandgranate   Model 39 Eihandgranate   Splitterring   Panzerwurfmine   Hafthohlladung
Notable foreign-made infantry weapons
P.640(b)   Vis.35   Vz.24/G24(t)   Vz. 33   MG26(t)   Panzerbchse 35(p)
German-made cartridges used by the Wehrmacht
7.92x57mm Mauser   7.63x25mm Mauser   7.92x33mm Kurz   7.65x22mm Parabellum   9x19mm Parabellum
Categories: Semi-automatic pistols | World War I German infantry weapons | World War II German infantry weapons | Early semi-automatic pistolsHidden categories: All accuracy disputes | Articles with disputed statements from March 2009 | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from March 2009

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